MADE IN NEW ZEALAND ╔═╗┌┬┐┬┌┐┌┌─┐╔═╗┌─┐┌─┐ ╔╦╗╔╗╔╔═╗ ╦ ╦┬┌─┐┬ ┬┌─┐┬─┐ ╠═╣││││││││ │╚═╗├┤ ├┤ ║║║║║╠═╣ ╚╗╔╝│├┤ │││├┤ ├┬┘ ╩ ╩┴ ┴┴┘└┘└─┘╚═╝└─┘└─┘ ═╩╝╝╚╝╩ ╩ ╚╝ ┴└─┘└┴┘└─┘┴└─ by Tom Atkinson aminosee.funk.nz ah-mee no-see "I See It Now != I AminoSee it!"
| Amino Acid | Hue° | RGB | Count | Description | Hilbert PNG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0. Reference | 0° |
255,128,128 |
8,424,126 | Composite of all amino acids | |
| 1. Ochre | 0° |
255,128,128 |
166,153 | STOP Codon | |
| 2. Glutamic acid | 16° |
255,162,128 |
309,435 | Group III: Acidic amino acids | |
| 3. Aspartic acid | 31° |
255,193,128 |
199,458 | Group III: Acidic amino acids | |
| 4. Amber | 47° |
255,227,128 |
106,928 | STOP Codon | |
| 5. Cysteine | 63° |
249,255,128 |
309,988 | Group II: Polar, uncharged amino acids | |
| 6. Glycine | 78° |
217,255,128 |
416,723 | Group I: Nonpolar amino acids | |
| 7. Alanine | 94° |
183,255,128 |
336,595 | Group I: Nonpolar amino acids | |
| 8. Methionine | 110° |
149,255,128 |
168,061 | START Codon | |
| 9. Valine | 125° |
128,255,138 |
436,117 | Group I: Nonpolar amino acids | |
| 10. Leucine | 141° |
128,255,172 |
907,260 | Group I: Nonpolar amino acids | |
| 11. Isoleucine | 157° |
128,255,206 |
501,985 | Group I: Nonpolar amino acids | |
| 12. Phenylalanine | 172° |
128,255,238 |
495,477 | Group I: Nonpolar amino acids | |
| 13. Tryptophan | 188° |
128,238,255 |
155,843 | Group I: Nonpolar amino acids | |
| 14. Serine | 203° |
128,206,255 |
750,290 | Group II: Polar, uncharged amino acids | |
| 15. Threonine | 219° |
128,172,255 |
435,842 | Group II: Polar, uncharged amino acids | |
| 16. Opal | 240° |
128,128,255 |
170,652 | STOP Codon | |
| 17. Glutamine | 250° |
149,128,255 |
339,411 | Group II: Polar, uncharged amino acids | |
| 18. Asparagine | 266° |
183,128,255 |
343,235 | Group II: Polar, uncharged amino acids | |
| 19. Tyrosine | 282° |
217,128,255 |
268,564 | Group II: Polar, uncharged amino acids | |
| 20. Arginine | 297° |
249,128,255 |
401,436 | Group IV: Basic amino acids | |
| 21. Lysine | 313° |
255,128,227 |
494,026 | Group IV: Basic amino acids | |
| 22. Histidine | 329° |
255,128,193 |
296,866 | Group IV: Basic amino acids | |
| 23. Proline | 344° |
255,128,162 |
413,781 | Group I: Nonpolar amino acids | |
| 19 Amino Acids, 4 Start/Stop codes, 1 NNN | . | . | . | . |
[object Object]
The codon AUG is called the START codon as it the first codon in the transcribed mRNA that undergoes translation. AUG is the most common START codon and it codes for the amino acid methionine (Met) in eukaryotes and formyl methionine (fMet) in prokaryotes. During protein synthesis, the tRNA recognizes the START codon AUG with the help of some initiation factors and starts translation of mRNA. Some alternative START codons are found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Alternate codons usually code for amino acids other than methionine, but when they act as START codons they code for Met due to the use of a separate initiator tRNA. Non-AUG START codons are rarely found in eukaryotic genomes. Apart from the usual Met codon, mammalian cells can also START translation with the amino acid leucine with the help of a leucyl-tRNA decoding the CUG codon. Mitochondrial genomes use AUA and AUU in humans and GUG and UUG in prokaryotes as alternate START codons. In prokaryotes, E. coli is found to use AUG 83%, GUG 14%, and UUG 3% as START codons. The lacA and lacI coding this.regions in the E coli lac operon don’t have AUG START codon and instead use UUG and GUG as initiation codons respectively.
