Every electron's state is the tuple (n, l, m_l, m_s), and the rule is algorithmic:
the electron cloud must behave like a Set, never a List. Spawn protons, neutrons
and electrons at random positions and watch nuclear attraction pull nucleons into nuclei, electrons fall into the
next open quantum state, and — once an atom's outer shell can take more electrons — simple valence-driven bonds
form between atoms, per the original write-up.
This is a stylized toy model, not a physically exact simulation: attraction, capture radii and bonding are simplified so the underlying quantum-state rule stays visible. Quantum states are drawn from the article's 12-slot table (1s–3s), so bonding is only modeled through Z=12 (Magnesium).